Such ideas are found in all population groups. The other main reason for apartheid was fear, as in South Africa the white people are in the minority, and many were worried they would lose their jobs, culture and language. This is obviously not a justification for apartheid, but explains how people were thinking. Original architects of Apartheid Image source. Numerous laws were passed in the creation of the apartheid state. Here are a few of the pillars on which it rested:.
Population Registration Act, This Act demanded that people be registered according to their racial group. This meant that the Department of Home affairs would have a record of people according to whether they were white, coloured, black, Indian or Asian. People would then be treated differently according to their population group, and so this law formed the basis of apartheid. It was however not always that easy to decide what racial group a person was part of, and this caused some problems. Group Areas Act, This was the act that started physical separation between races, especially in urban areas.
The act also called for the removal of some groups of people into areas set aside for their racial group. Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act, This Act said that different racial groups had to live in different areas.
Only a small percentage of South Africa was left for black people who comprised the vast majority to form their 'homelands'. This Act also got rid of 'black spots' inside white areas, by moving all black people out of the city.
Well known removals were those in District 6, Sophiatown and Lady Selborne. These black people were then placed in townships outside of the town. The HNP advocated total segregation as the "eventual ideal and goal" of the process but recognized that it would take many years to get Black South African labor out of the cities and factories. The "practical system" included the complete separation of races, prohibiting all intermarriage between Black South African people, "Coloureds" mixed race people , and Asian people.
Indian people were to be repatriated back to India, and the national home of Black South African people would be in the reserve lands. Black South African people in urban areas were to be migratory citizens, and Black trade unions would be banned. Although the UP won a significant majority of the popular vote , to , , because of a constitutional provision that provided greater representation in rural areas, in the NP won a majority of seats in the parliament.
The NP formed a government led by D. Malan as PM, and shortly thereafter "practical apartheid" became the law of South Africa for the next 40 years. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance.
Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Police moved in with tear gas and live rounds; in response the march turned violent. In the following months new political groups sprang up, with new plans for local black self-government; all were rejected by the National Party, which remained committed to controlling all aspects of black life, and violence and deaths continued. The protests took place in a climate informed by the Black Consciousness Movement, and in August Steve Biko was re-arrested and detained.
Over 10, people attended his funeral, including many Western ambassadors, and the US Congress proposed that an international commission be formed to examine South African police practices. In a judicial inquiry into the circumstances of the death determined that the police had no case to answer.
Black South Africans really belonged, after all, in the homelands. Independence facilitated the process by which black South Africans were legally erased from the country: in , according to official figures, there were In time, the economic unsustainability of the homeland system and the increasing scale of anti-apartheid protest — over black South Africans died in incidents of political violence between mid and mid — did prompt moves towards change at the highest level.
In , concerned about the increasing links between political and economic protest, the government appointed a commission of enquiry, led by Professor N. He was succeeded as prime minister in October by P. Key Topics International relations:. Internal resistance and anti-apartheid organisations:.
Black 'self-government':. Apartheid South Africa spans the periods: The material contained within each part is hugely varied, and includes: British diplomatic dispatches between London and Pretoria and between London and British posts across Africa Biographies of prominent political figures, activists, detainees and victims of apartheid Cuttings, transcriptions and translations of press reports, including many from Afrikaans newspapers Reports detailing visits to South Africa from UK and US politicians and vice versa Letters and telegrams from government departments and officials and from private individuals Minutes of ministerial meetings Annual reports detailing events in South Africa and neighbouring countries during the previous year Political, economic and military analyses Statistical tables Police and embassy investigation reports Published booklets, leaflets, propaganda etc.
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