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Sterility - ensuring that the media is bacteria-free - is important for some types of stem-cuttings. Various media types, both organic and inorganic, can be used but not all are readily available locally. Common inorganic media types include coarse sand, vermiculite and perlite while a popular organic media is peat moss. Such media may be used alone or mixed in various proportions for rooting stem-cuttings. Soil-based mixes may be also be used in some instances but they can be tricky for use in some types of plant cuttings as they may not be sterile, even if they are bought fresh from the nursery.
Why Gravel Is Good Personally, I prefer to use sand or gravel as the sole propagation media for stem cuttings. Sand has a neutral pH and is thus suitable for propagating most tropical plants. On the other hand, peat moss is acidic and can be too wet for use on its own here. It often requires the addition of other components to enhance its drainage and aeration properties. Unlike vermiculite and perlite, sand and gravel do not disintegrate over time.
Size Does Matter Sand and gravel are available in various grain sizes. The grain size determines the amount of water that can be held in the spaces between the grains, ease of drainage of excess water and aeration that it is able to provide to the base of cuttings. One tip: avoid using lawn sand for rooting cuttings as it is too fine and retains too much moisture and drains poorly.
Sand of the right grain size appears to be difficult to buy locally. That's why I choose to use fine gravel as a substitute. This is the gravel that is used to lay the base of planted aquariums and is thus easily available from local aquarium shops. This fine gravel has a neutral pH and its particle size has been pre-graded and is uniform, averaging 2 mm.
It seems to be suitable for rooting most stem-cuttings. After the vermiculite being mined, and went through high temperatures, the steam produced from the water in the mineral when make it expand to as much as 20 times of the original size. The vermiculite is mixed with sand and cement to form a fireproof material, plaster that provide excellent in fire resistance, thermal and sound insulation.
The vermiculite cement is light weight and widely use and apply to steel structure, steel beams and columns, roof decks, partitions, and firewall panel to act as fireproofing protection to the surface. After the vermiculite being processed for construction material, the application of the vermiculite normally in the form of cement and use it in spray or plaster to insulate and fireproof the wall, floor or ceiling.
The thickness of application of the fireproof vermiculite spray is depend on the value factor of the steel structure, size and thickness of the steel members in design. With the protection of the vermiculite fireproof material, the structure can resistance the fire up to 2 to 4 hours. The building, structure and places that required to be fire compartmented, be firewall and escape purposed which required to resist fire up to certain hour, the structure members especially for the steel structure members will need fireproof protection like vermiculite coating to achieve the particular fire rating.
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